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Black Panther is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist-coplotter Jack Kirby.
Black Panther's real name is T'Challa , and he is depicted as the king and protector of the fictional African nation of Wakanda. Along with possessing enhanced abilities achieved through ancient Wakandan rituals of drinking the essence of the heart-shaped herb, T'Challa also relies on his proficiency in science, rigorous physical training, hand-to-hand combat skills, and access to wealth and advanced Wakandan technology to combat his enemies.
Beginning as an impersonator, Cole would later take on the moniker of White Tiger and become an ally to T'Challa. The role of Black Panther and leadership of Wakanda was also given to T'Challa's sister Shuri while he was in a coma for a short time. Black Panther has made numerous appearances in various television shows, animated films and video games.
These included the characters in the single-issue, low distribution All-Negro Comics 1 Army infantry private Gabriel Jones of Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos. In a guest appearance in Fantastic Four February , the Black Panther briefly tried using the name Black Leopard to avoid connotations with the Party, but the new name did not last.
Co-creator Stan Lee recounted that the name was inspired by a pulp adventure hero who has a black panther as a helper. The origin of the idea for the character was disputed by both Kirby and Lee.
Jack Kirby claimed sole credit for the creation of the character in The Comics Journal , from February , stating that a realization that there were no black characters in his comics demanded some be added for "human reasons".
While there is no documentation showing which version of the creation is closer to the truth, by Kirby is thought to have been largely plotting the book on his own [15] and was having to explain the stories to Lee when the pages arrived in the Marvel offices, as had happened a few issues prior with the Silver Surfer in The Fantastic Four 48 March In a interview Lee stated: [16].
Some artists, such as Jack Kirby, need no plot at all. He may tell me. And then he goes home and does it. He just about makes up the plots for these stories. All I do is a little editing. In an interview, Kirby shared the same genesis as Lee, "I came up with the Black Panther because I realized I had no blacks in my strip. I needed a black. I suddenly discovered that I had a lot of black readers. My first friend was a black! And here I was ignoring them because I was associating with everybody else.
Roy Thomas has made claims that support Lee's version of events, while Kirby was supported by his wife and prior artwork. In , they included a black character, Gabe Jones , in the ensemble cast of Sgt. Fury and His Howling Commandos , [18] and Lee encouraged artists to include black characters in crowd scenes.
I had a lot of friends who were black and we had artists who were black. So it occurred to me There was some internal debate at Marvel with Lee being unsure about how far to go with the commercially risky introduction of a black superhero. In the first version of the cover for Fantastic Four 52, Kirby drew the Black Panther wearing a cowl that exposed his face. In the published version, the cowl became a full face-mask.
Previews in other comics did not show the cover at all, indicating that Lee was hesitant. He received his first starring feature with Jungle Action 5 July , a reprint of the Panther-centric story in The Avengers 62 March The critically acclaimed [22] series ran in Jungle Action 6—24 September — November One now-common format McGregor pioneered was that of the self-contained, multi-issue story arc.
Critic Jason Sacks has called the arc "Marvel's first graphic novel ":. Running in two years' issues of Jungle Action s 6 through 18 , "Panther's Rage" is a page novel that journeys to the heart of the African nation of Wakanda, a nation ravaged by a revolution against its king, T'Challa, the Black Panther. The second and final arc, "Panther vs. This overlooked and underrated classic is arguably the most tightly written multi-part superhero epic ever.
If you can get your hands on it It's damn-near flawless, every issue, every scene, a functional, necessary part of the whole. Okay, now go back and read any individual issue. You'll find seamlessly integrated words and pictures; clearly introduced characters and situations; a concise sometimes even transparent recap; beautifully developed character relationships; at least one cool new villain; a stunning action set piece to test our hero's skills and resolve; and a story that is always moving forward towards a definite and satisfying conclusion.
That's what we should all be delivering, every single month. Don [McGregor] and company did it in only 17 story pages per issue.
Though popular with college students, the overall sales of Jungle Action were low, [26] and Marvel relaunched the Black Panther in a self-titled series, bringing in the character's co-creator Jack Kirby —newly returned to Marvel after having decamped to rival DC Comics for a time—as writer, penciler, and editor. However, Kirby wanted to work on new characters and was unhappy at being assigned a series starring a character he had already worked with extensively.
Black Panther ran 15 issues January — May A four-issue miniseries , Black Panther vol. Gillis and penciled by Denys Cowan. The Priest-Texeira series was under the Marvel Knights imprint in its first year. Priest said the creation of character Ross contributed heavily to his decision to write the series. The last 13 issues 50—62 saw the main character replaced by a multiracial New York City police officer named Kasper Cole , with T'Challa relegated to a supporting character.
The Crew was canceled with issue 7. In , Marvel began publishing Black Panther vol. Hudlin said he wanted to add " street cred " to the title, although he noted that the book was not necessarily or primarily geared toward an African-American readership.
Black Panther vol. Okonkwo, an immigrant from the Democratic Republic of the Congo , and becomes the owner of a small diner in order to be close to the people. A new Black Panther series written by Ta-Nehisi Coates and drawn by Brian Stelfreeze was launched in and continues to be published with Coates as the head writer.
In July the limited series Wakanda was announced, written by Stephanie Williams and illustrated by Paco Medina, the series will have a backup series titled History of the Black Panthers , written by Evan Narcisse and illustrated by Natacha Bustos. The Black Panther is the ceremonial title given to the chief of the Panther Tribe of the advanced African nation of Wakanda. In addition to ruling the country, he is also paramount chief of its various tribes collectively referred to as the Wakandas.
The Panther habit is a symbol of office head of state and is used even during diplomatic missions. The Panther is a hereditary title, but one must still earn it. In the distant past, a meteorite made of the fictional vibration-absorbing mineral vibranium crashed in Wakanda, and was unearthed. Reasoning that outsiders would exploit Wakanda for this valuable resource, the ruler, King T'Chaka , like his father and other Panthers before him, concealed his country from the outside world.
T'Chaka's first wife N'Yami died while in labor with T'Challa , and his second wife Ramonda was taken prisoner by Anton Pretorius during a visit to her homeland of South Africa , so for most of his childhood T'Challa was raised by his father alone. With his people still in danger, a young T'Challa used Klaw's sound weapon on Klaw and his men, shattering Klaw's right hand and forcing him to flee. T'Challa was next in line to be the king of Wakanda and Black Panther, but until he was ready to become the leader of the nation, his uncle S'yan T'Chaka's younger brother successfully passed the trials to become the Black Panther.
While on his Wakandan walkabout rite of passage , T'Challa met and fell in love with apparent orphaned teen Ororo Munroe , who would grow up to become the X-Men member Storm. T'Challa earned the title and attributes of the Black Panther by defeating the various champions of the Wakandan tribes.
One of his first acts was to disband and exile the Hatut Zeraze—the Wakandan secret police —and its leader, his adopted brother Hunter the White Wolf. He then studied abroad for a time before returning to his kingship. In his first published appearance, the now-adult T'Challa invites the American superhero team the Fantastic Four to Wakanda, then attacks and attempts to neutralize them individually in order to test himself to see if he is ready to battle Klaw, who had replaced his shattered right hand with a sonic weapon.
After the ruler makes proper amends to the Four, they befriend and help T'Challa, and he in turn aids them against the supervillain the Psycho-Man.
He first battles the Man-Ape while with the group, [62] and then meets the American singer Monica Lynne , [63] with whom he becomes romantically involved. He helps the Avengers defeat the second Sons of the Serpent , and then reveals his true identity on American television.
After receiving numerous urgent official letters requesting him to return to his increasingly troubled homeland, [66] the Panther eventually leaves his active Avengers membership to return to a Wakanda on the brink of civil war, bringing Lynne with him. Later, while searching for and finding his stepmother Ramonda, the Panther contends with South African authorities during apartheid. Years later, the Panther accepts a Washington, D. Ross , and faces multiple threats to Wakanda's sovereignty.
Ross assists him in many of these threats. In gratitude, the Panther often risks much for Ross in return. The first threat he and Ross encounter is "Xcon", an alliance of rogue intelligence agents backing a coup led by the Reverend Achebe. This forces T'Challa to nationalize foreign companies.
Later, T'Challa finds he has a brain aneurysm like his alternate future self, and succumbs to instability and hallucinations. After his mental state almost causes tribal warfare, the Panther hands power to his council [76] and hides in New York City. There he mentors police officer Kasper Cole who had adopted an abandoned Panther costume , an experience that gives T'Challa the strength to face his illness, reclaim his position, and return to active membership in the Avengers, whom he helps secure special United Nations status.
T'Challa recounts the story of his ascension as the Black Panther in the fourth volume of his eponymous comic book series. He defeated his uncle during the Black Panther celebration, [77] and during his walkabout when he met and fell in love with a street urchin named Ororo in Cairo, Egypt.
They allow Klaw to recruit a team of villains in order to support his totalitarian neighbor, Niganda. T'Challa then helps his old flame Ororo Munroe reunite with her surviving family members in Africa and the U. In the aftermath, T'Challa loses all of his enhanced attributes given to him by being the Panther totem.
As a result, he works with his sorcerer, Zawavari, to accumulate a replacement. This has all been done in preparation for the imminent battle with Doctor Doom, [92] which culminated in T'Challa rendering all of the processed vibranium inert to give his people a chance to rebuild without their dependence on the element.
Okonkwo , an immigrant from the Congo and manager of a diner called Devil's Kitchen, so that he can blend in and learn about the denizens as an ordinary man.
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